Airship.



T. RHOADES.

AIRSHIP.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 7, 1910.

Thom/afs 12709 rides T. R-HOADES.

AIRsHIP. APPLIOATION FILED MAY 7,1910.

Patented May 23, 1911.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

T. RHOADES.

AIRSHIP.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 7,1910. 993, 1.08. Patented May 23, 1,911.

6 SHBBTB-SEBBT 3.

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T. RHOADES.

AIRSHIP.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 7. 1910.

Patented My 23, 1911.

T. RHOADES.

AIRSHIP.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 7, 1910.

Patented May 23, 1911.

Arm/mem.

WIT/VESSES:

T. RHOADES.

AIBSHIP. APPLICATION FILED MAY 7, 1910..

Patented May 23, 1911.

6 BHBBTB--SHEET 6.

WIT/VESSES:

THOMAS RHOADES, OF HANNA, UTH.

' AIRSHIP.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented May 23, 1911.

Application filed May 7, 1910. Serial No. 559,958.

To all lwhom it may concern: l

Be it known that I, THOMAS RHoADEs, residing at Hanna, in the county ofWasatch and ztate of Utah, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Airships, of which the following Vis a specification.

In the art of aerial navigation, as practiced at the present time, thereare essentially two distinctive types of flying machines, the one knownas the heavier than air machines and the other known as the lighter thanair machines. It is to this latter type that my invention relates. Themachines of the latter type may be divided into two classes, themono-planes and the bi-planes, so called from the number of supportingplanes they carry. These machines of the=lighter than air type allessentially consist of one or more supporting planes, by means of whichthe required resistance to the action of gravity is controlled, adirection rudder, an elevation rudder, a propeller and engine, and meansfor effecting transverse control. This latter means varies in thedifferent kinds of machines, being either in i the nature of auxiliaryor stabilizing planes,

as in the well-known Curtiss machines, flaps on the supporting planes,asin the wellknown F arnum machines, or flexing or warping portions ofthe supporting planes, as in the Well-known Wright machines. In all ofthese machines the elevating rudder ally operated and require veryskilled 0perators to run the machines.

Therefore, it is the prime object of my invention to )rovide a machinewherein the I and the transverse control devices are manuelevating rutder function, the supporting ing, elevatingand stabilizing planes may bemanually operated to cause the same to act purely as elevating ruddersin ascending or ,escending with the machine. I also provideI meanswhereby the propeller may be swung through an arc of approximately 180oso that it may be used to propel the machine `vertically upward inascending `from the ground and whereby it may be then swung over toeffect the-required foi'-,

Ward or backward propulsion of the machine.

Thus, it will be observed my improved aerial navigating machine in itsgeneral make-up consists essentially of'sustaining planes, (which alsoassist in effecting the functions of elevating rudders and also act asstabilizing planes to assist in sustaining the machine in equilibrium),a directionl propeller 'v rudder, a shiftable motor driven (which notonly effects movement o the machine horizontally but vertically as well,and acts also as the principal elevating medium) an automatic lateralcontrol operating means, and manual means for operating the planesduring ascent or descent of the machine.

From the foregoing it will be observed that another object of myinvention is to.

provide a machine composed of as few parts as possible; that will be sosimple in operation as to render the use of a highly skilled operatorunnecessary.

I am aware that suggestions have heretofore been made that a -pendulumbe mounted on the .machine from which operating cables are joined withthe transverse controllingdevices, in the attempt to effect an automaticaction of the stabilizing means, but I have `been unable to find anysuch devices in practical use at the resent time.

In its more su ordinate nature, the invention also includes those noveldetails of construction, combination and arrangement of parts, all ofwhich will be rst fully de-A scribed vand then be specifically pointedout in the appended claims, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

Figure 1, is a perspective view of my invention in use. Fig. 2, is acentral vertical longitudinal section and )art elevation of the same,the propeller bein shown in full lines inthe position to e ect a forwardmovement of the machine and being shownv in dotted lines in the positionfor raisin the machine.- Fig. 3, is a central vertica cross sectionshowing the position of the propeller, and'planes during"l ascent. Fig.4:, is a to plan view of the machine in ascent. Fig. 5, is a frontelevationA of the machine in flight tilted to one side and showing therelative position of the main planes and the position of the auxiliaryor stabilizing planes when the machine is under automatic control torestore the machine to equilibrium. Fig. 6, is an enlarged detail 60 lonitudinal rcds'or shafts 15-15 are held.

, 'view of one'of the clutches for shifting the manual operatingmechanism for elevating and depressing the planes, into, position andcutting out the action of the automatic mechanism thereon Fig. 7, is across section on the line 7 7 of Fig. 6, showing the shiftablecontrolling member running loose when the automatic or manual control isin o eration., Fig. 8, is an enlarged detail view of the'shiftablemaster propeller gear that locks the propeller in place, and showing theclutch releasing means. Fig. 9, is a detail section of a part of themechanism shown in Fig. 8.. Fig. 10, is a diagramm'aticv view showingthe main and auxiliary planes under normal conditions. Fig. 1l, is aview showing the same with the machine tilted to the left. Fig. 12, is adiagrammatic view showing the connections for the manual control for themain planes used in ascending Vand descending. Fig. 13, is adiagrammatic View of the clutch shifting lever and its connectionswithf-the shiftable clutch members.

Fig. 14, is a ,detail view of a part of the propeller shaft thrustbearing. Fig. 15, is a etail perspective View of a part of the car andthe controlled lever. Fig. 16, is a detail view of a slight modificationof operating pulleyor sheave.

`light sheeting held by a suitable lightframe 6 which-is longitudinallybraced b braces 7 bent into an' open l-shape in si e elevation, andprovided with bearings 8 at the apex of the V, by means of which the4vplanes have pivotal movement on and are sustained by the shaft 4. j

Pendenti supported from the center rod or shaft 4 is -a hanger frame 9which hasa centraljshaft bearing 10 and a pair of'biv furcated armstermmating in bearings 11 which are. securely clamped immovably on, theshaft 4 in any approved .manner,` so that the hearing 1G will always beat right angles to the plane of the 13 is bolted. Bene'ath the platform13 are hanger bearings 14-14 in which ,the short lt is on the rods 15-15that the car-'2O is suspended. The car 20 is carried by a pair of slin s16'secured to rocker arms 17-17 which. ave central bearings- 18 toreceive keel s frame.` At its lower end the yframe 9 terminates inf alongitudinal har 12 to which the platform y 'be swungthrough an arc ofsubstantially operator. (See Fig. 15).

scarce the rods 15 on which they have a relative rocking movement. Buerspring devices 19 are interposed between the platform 13 and the arms 17to act as shock absorbers and also to tend to maintain Ithe arms 17parallel to the platform 13.

The propeller shaft carrying frame 21 is a skeleton frame havingbearings 22 for the rod or shaft 4 to pass through, the bearing part ofthe fra-me 21 being bifurcated to receive the cent-ral pulley 23 whichis se cured to .the frame 21 to turn therewith. The frame 21 has a shaftbearing sleeve 24 for the propeller shaft 25 on which the propeller 26and its housing 27 are mounted. The propeller shaft 25 has a pinion 28that continuously meshes with a gear 29 mounted loosely on the shaft 4and also normally meshes with a second gear 30 that is loose and alsoshiftable on the shaft 4.

The upper section 31 of the power trans# mission shaft 32 is held inthe` shaft bearing 10 of the pendent hanger frame 9 and it carries apinion 33 that continuously meshes .with the gear 29 and normally mesheswith the gear 30, which gears 29--30 are in the nature of idler gears.The upper and lower transmission. shaft sections 31-'-32 are joined by auniversal knuckle joint 321', as shown in Fig. 17 of the drawings.

The gear 30 is shiftable into and out of Jmesh 'with the pinions 28-33by a bell crank lever 34 fulcrumed at 35 to the frame 9 and having aforked end 36 that is pro vided with anti-friction rollers 37 to ride inthel groove 38 of the hub 39 of the gear 30. A coil spring 40 on theshaft 4 between the hub 39 and the bearing 11 adjacent theretoV servesto maintain the gear-30 normally in `mesh with pinions' 218-33 and, inorder to prevent undue pressure and consequent friction between the gear30 and the pinions icol 28-33, a pin 41 on the shaft 4 serves as anabutment for the spring 40 when the gear 30 is in mesh with the pinions28, 33 and thereby causes the spring to terminate its function at thattime and act merely .as a collar. slip over the pin 41 when the gear 30is moved *out of meshwith the pinions 28533. The bell crank lever 34 isoperated to move the gear 30out of meshl with the pinions 28e-33, by acord or cable 42 which passes over idlers 43-44 and, down into the car20 where it is connected with a foot operated lever 45 at aconvenientlocation for the The propeller 26. and its housing 27 may 180 when thegear 30 is out ofmesli with the pinions 28-33, by an endless cable 46The member 39' is counterbored to s that passes around the 'sheave 23and over' idlers 47 jon the frame'9, and idlers 49 on Each main plane 5is joined with a sleeve 52 on the shaft 4, on which a air of pulleys53-55 run loosely. Each pu ey 53--55 has an opposed clutch face 54,-56respectively 4with which the shiftable clutch pulley member 57 operates,the member 57 having a pair of clutch faces 5859, one each. for the re`spective clutch faces 54-56 of the pulleys 53-55, the pulley 57 beingkeyed to turn with the sleeve 52 by a spiralkey 60 so that as the`pulley'57 is turned one way or the other-it may be drawn into engagementwith' either of the pulleys 53-55. A cable 62l 53 thatform a, part ofthe manual controlling devices for the planes 5 and when the lever 67 isin its rearward position (see diagrammatic figure) the shiftableclutches57 will be in engagement with the respective pulleys 55 thatform a part of the automatic controlling devices for the machine.

A cable 68 passes over the pulleys 53 then over idlers 69 on the frame9, and over idlers 70 on the shafts 15, from which the cable 68 passesdown into the car. After passing over idlers 71, t-he ends of the cablelare joined to the rocker arm 72 of the manually controlledlever 73, bymeans of which the planes 5 are turned in unison on the shaft 4 to actas ascending and descendingrudders. A cable 74 has one end connected tothe car body 20 and passes over idlers`75 on the bracket 76 of the frame9. Fromthence it passes to a pulley 77 on the end of the sleeve 78 ofthe bearing 79 of the auxiliary stabilizing plane 80 on one side, saythe right in Fig. 3 of the drawings. The cable then passes around suchpulley' 77 and from thence overan idler 78 to the pulley 55 for theright hand plane 5. From the ulley 55 for the right hand plane 5, thecab e passes over another idler 78 and then passes over the pulley 55for the other plane 5 from which it passes over'another idler 78 to thepulley 77 on the end of the sleeve 78 of the auxiliary stabilizingplane' 80 on the other side of the machine. From this sleeve 78 thecable 74 passes over another idler 75 on the bracket 76 down to and isjoined with the car 20 again.

81 designates the rudder post frame portion of the bracket 75. The frameportion 81'is suitablystayed by braces 86 and it has bearings 82 inwhich the rudder post 83 is mounted. The'rudder 84 is secured to thepost 83 by straps 85 or in any other suitable manner. The post 83 isturned by a sheave or sprocket 87 around which the rudder cable 88passes, the cable 88 running over i'dlers 89 to the druin 90 `of thesteering wheel 91 in the front of the car. l

The shaft 25 is provided with anti-friction thrust bearing washers 92having b earing-balls 93, as shown in Fig. 14 of the drawings. y

Wherever any ofthe cables ass over working pulleys a short section ochain 94 vis inserted to pass around such pulleys and insure a positivegrip on the respective pulleys, and if found desirablethe workingpulleys may be formed with recesses for the links of the chain so as toact as sprocket wheels for the chain 94 (see Fig. 16).

Power is applied from a motor 95 on the car 20, and the shaft 96 of themotor 95 is geared up by gears 97--98 and a countershaft 99 with themain transmission shaft 32."

A suitable fuel tank 100 is rovided on the car in which the fuel for t e`engine 95y is carried. Y 3 v So far .as described the manner in whichmy invention operates will be best explained as follows: Assume themachine to be located on the ground. The'engine when lrunning causes theshaft 32 to be turned, thereby transmitting the motion of the enginethrough the pinion 33 to the master gears 29 and 30 which transmit themotion to the pinion 28 of the propeller ishaft. 25 to set j thepropeller into operation. Should the propeller be in the full lineposition indicated in Fig. 2, for example, when the mechanism is on theground, the operator moves the lever 67 to the position shown in fulllines in Fig. 13 of the drawings, thereby shifting the clutch members57into engagement with the manual control pulleys 53, and disconnectingthem from the pulleys '55a It should beunderstood at this point thatwhen the clutch member 57 is in its clutching position, either j inengagement with the pulley 53 or the pulley 55, the chain` portion 94that passes over the pulley 57 Yis vout of the pulley, as shown in Fig.7, so

that the pulley 57 may be turned without movement of the cable 67. Theoperator having thrown the clutches 57 into the pulleys 53 to bring themanual'controllin'gmechanism for the lateral control into aetion, movesthe lever 73 to the dotted or rear position indicated in' Fig. 12 tothrowthe planes 5 into'a vertical plane, as shown in'Fig. 3 of thedrawings. The operator' then presses the foot lever 45 to move the gear'30 out of mesh with the pinions 28--33 and then turns the wheel 51 untilthe propel- A ler is in the position indicated in Fig. 3', to actvertically upward, after which the foot lever 45 is released to permitthe spring '40 shifting the gear 30 back into mesh with the pinions28--33 to lock the propeller shaftin alinement with the maintransmission shaft 32 or in the position to which it has been moved. Theengine is now started as before suggested, and the propeller 26 andplanes being in the position shown in Fig. 3, the machine will risevert-ically, up ward. As the machine rises vertically upward with thekeel frame horizontal, the. auxiliarystability planes 80' will also bevertical, as shown in Fig. 3. The operator having arrived at the desiredheight first throws the lever 7 3 into the position shown in Fig. 2 andin the full line position indicated in Fig. l2, to bring the planes 5into l a horizontal or substantially horizontal posipinions 28--33, thuslocking the propeller in position. The operator having brought theplanes 5 into their horizontal position and moved the propeller into theposition indicated in full lines in Fig. 2, to effect the forwardpropulsion of the machine, he now moves the lever 67 to the dotted lineposition indicated in Fig. 18, to move the clutch members 57 out ofengagement with the pulleys 53 and into engagementwith the pulleys 55 tocut out the manual controlling mecha.- nism and cutin the automaticcontrolling mechanism. Having donethis the machine will be maintained onan even wholly by the automatic action of the same. Assume the machineto be running under normal conditions,.as diagrammatically indicated inFig. 10, with the automatic mechanism connected up for operation, andassume the machine should tilt say, to the left, as shown in Fig. 11 ofthe drawings, this will vcause movement to be effected in the cable 74,as indicated by the arrows in Fig. ll, thereby swinging the right handauxiliary stabilizing plane toward the center of the machine andsimultaneously swinging the left hand auxiliary stabilizing plane 8O onthe downgoing'side outwardly, as indicated in Fig. 11, of the drawings,the front side of the plane 5 on the downgoing side of the machine beingtilted upwardly and that on the upgoing side being tilted downwardly,thus increasing the angle of incidence between the air current and theplaner on the downgoing side and decreasing the same with the plane onthe upgoing side. This causes a greaterv air Ipressure to be exerted onthe downgoing side of the machine with the consequent result that themachine will right itself and will resume its even keel, it beingunderstood that as the machine rights itself the planes 5 approximate ahorizont-al plane and the auxiliary scarce planes 80' approximatevertical planes. Should the machine tilt toward the side opposite tothat indicated in Fig. ll, the same general but opposite action takesplace. In other words, should the machine tilt to the right, instead ofto the left, as indicated in Fig. 1l, the planes S0 will be swung to theright, instead of to the left, and the planes v5 turned in an oppositedirection to that indicated in Fig. 1l. l

AFrom the foregoing description of the construction and operation of theinvention it is thought the same will be clear to those skilled in theart to which the invention api pertains.l l desire, however, to callattentionv to a few principal features of my invention.

1t vwill be observed vthat when the manual control for the planes 5 isbrought into operation the automatic control for the auxiliarystabilizing planes S0 is not affected. Thus 'should lateral oscillationof the machine take place .during ascent while the planes 5 are undermanual control the planes 8O will right the machine under automaticcontrol. Furthermore, should the machine be traveling forwardly undernormal conditions, the operator may throw out the automatic connectionwith the planes 5 and throw in the manual operating connection so as totilt the planes 5 up or down, as conditions may require, that is, he maychange the normal position of the planes 5 to present greater or lessangles of incidence with the direction of i flight and then throw theautomatic controlling mechanism into connection with the planes 5 afterthey have been thus adjusted. Again, the propeller 25 may be used toeffect an ascent not only vertically upward, but at any other angle withthe horizontal, for example, the propeller 25 ma be set at an angle sayof 450 to the horizontal and the planes 5 set to correspond. Thus anascent of the machine will take place along a line making approximately45 to the horizontal. lVhen, however, the machine makes an ascent fromaA conlined locality where it isnot advisable to move forward at thesame time the ascent is being made the members may be positioned asindicated in Fig. Bof the drawings, and the machine ascend directlyupward.

' It will be observed, that by using the gear `3() in addition to lthegear 29, no additional icot means need be provided for holding thepropeller shaft in its various positions, as the gear 30 turns in vadirection opposite to that of the gear 29 and at the same speed. Henceno movement of the propeller shaft around the shaft e can take placewhile the gear 30 is in mesh with the pinions 2833, it being understoodthat the pinion 33 is relatively stationary.

It will be observed that the casing 27 of thc propeller is offrusto-conical form with. the end of lesser diameter nearest the shaftvist 4. Thus the air stream asv it enters the casing 27 will becondensed at the outgoing 4side of the casing 27 during the normaloperation of the machine, and thus render the act-ion of the propellermore eHicient. I t will and I desire it` -further understood thatyslirrht changes inthe details of construction an arrangement of parts,and particularly inthe proportioning of the various parts, may be madeby those skilled 1n the art without departing fromthe spirit of theinvention or the scopey of the appended claims, as it will be obviousthat in designing the practical machine due'regard and considerationmust b e' given for the various factors which enterintoy the 'mechanicalconstruction of a machine of this type and which is whollywithin theprovince of the skilled mechanic.

What I claim is: i

1. In an aerial navigating machine, a horizontal transverse supportingframe, a car suspended beneath the same, main sus'- taining planespivoted on a horizontal transverse axis carried by saidI frame, apropeller and a steering rudder carried by sald frame, meansfor movingsaid planes to act as an ascending rudder and means to cause said planesto move relatively to assist in stabilizing the machine, andautomatically actuated auxiliary stabilizing planes carried by -saidframe and pivoted on horizontal axes extending longitudinally of theframe..

2. In lan aerial navigating machine, a

horizontal transverse supporting frame, aV

car suspended beneath the same, main sustaining planes pivoted on ahorlzontal transverse axis carried by 'said frame, a propeller and asteering rudder carried by said frame, means for moving said planes toact as an ascending` rudder and means to cause said planes to moverelatively to assist in stabilizing the machine, automaticall auxiliarystabilizing planes carr1ed;by said frame and pivoted on horizontal axesextending-'longitudinally of the frame, and means` for swinging saidpropeller' to dilierenty vpositions to ropel the machine u Wrdl orin ahorizontal direction, or bo 3. an aerial navigating ymachine, ahorizontal transverse supporting frame, a pair of main sustaining planespivoted on 'a horizontal vtransverse axis carried by said frame,automatically actuated devices for actuated moving said main planessimultaneously and oppositely as said frame tilts laterally to changethe angle of incidence'between the line of flight and the planes toright the machine and automatically actuated auxiliary'stabilizingplanes carried by said frame and pivoted on horizontal axes extendinglongitudinally of said frame.

4.' In an aerial navigating machine', a

horizontal transverse supportingr frame, a pair of mam sustaining planespivoted on a h'orlzontal transverse 4axis carrled by4 said frame,automatically actuated devices `for moving said main planessimultaneously and oppositel as said frame tilts laterally to change t eangle of incidence between the line of Hight and the planes to right the`machine, automatically actuated auxiliary stabilizing planes carried bysaid frame and pivoted on horizontal axes extending longitudinally ofsaid frame, and manually actuated devices for moving said main planestogether in the same direction to act as ascending and descendingrudders. A l

5.`Inl an aerial navigating -machine, a horizontal transverse supportinframe, a pair of main sustaining planes pivoted on a horizontaltransverse axis carried yby said" frarne, automatically actuated devicesfor moving said main planes'simultaneousl and oppositel as said frametilts latera ly to change t e angle of incidence between the line ofHight and the planes to right-'the machine,l automatically actuatedauxiliary stabilizing lanes carried by said frame and pivoted onorizontal axes extending longi,

tudinally of said frame, manually actuated devices for moving said mainplanes together in the same direction to act as ascendlng and descendinrudders, and manually actuated shifting evices for connecting anddisconnecting said main planes from said plane moving devices. I

6. In an aerial navigating machine, a

horizontal transverse supporting frame, a pair of main sustaining planespivoted on a horizontal transverse axis carriedby said frame,automatically actuated devices for moving said mainlanes simultaneouslyand oppositel as sai frame tilts laterally to change t e angle :ofincidence between the line of Hight and the planes to right the machine,automatically actuated auxiliary stabilizing planes carried by saidframe and p'ivoted on horizontal axes extending longitudinally of saidframe, manually actuated devices for moving said main planes together inthe same direction to act as ascending and descending rudders, andmanually actuated shifting devices for connecting and' disconnectingsaid Vmain planes from said plane moving devices without disturbingy theoperation of said auxiliary stabilizing planes. y v- 7. In an aerialnavigating machine, a

horizontal transverse supporting frame, a

said auxiliary planes for moving said main and auxiliary planes to actas stabilizing mediums, and means for operatively disconnecting saidmain planes from said automatically actuated` devices without disturbing the connection between said automatically' actuated dev'ices andsaid auxiliary stabilizing planes.'

8. ln an aerial navigating machine, a horizontal transverse supportingframe, a car suspended beneath the same, main sustaining'planes pivotedon a horizontal transn verse 'axis carried by said frame, a propellingmechanism, auxiliary stabilizing planes pivo'ted at each side of said'frame on a lon gitudinal axis carried by said frame, an automatic planeactuating device connected. to' said main planes and to said auxiliaryplanes for moving said main and auxiliary planes'vto act as stabilizing`mediums, and manually operated devices for moving said main planes toact as an ascending and descending rudder, and a manually operatedshifting mechanism for operatively connecting and disconnecting saidmain planes' with reither said manually operated main plane shiftingdevices or said automatically actuated main plane shifting deviceswithout disturbing the operation oi" said auxiliary stabilizing planesunder the inuence of said automatic plane shifting devices.

9. ln an aerial navigating machine., a horizontal transverse supportingiframe, a car suspended beneath the same, a pair oi main sustainingplanes pivoted on a horizontal. transverse axis carried by said frame, apropeller pivoted' on said horizontal axis between said planes, meansfor swinging said propeller through'an are of substantially 180 in avertical direction, a pulley' on said horizontal transverse azris forleach main plane, idler pulleys supported `by said frame, an endlesscable passing over said pulleys and connected with said car to form' anautomatic plane moving device, a second set of pulleys on saidtransverse axis, one for each plane and a manually controlled endlesscable passing over said second set of pulleys to form a manual planemoving device, and a manually actuated clutch on said transverse axisforoperatively connecting said'plane with either of said plane movingdevices. l

10. In an aerial navigating machine, a horizontal transverse supportingframe, a horizontal transverse shaft carried by said trame, 'anauxiliary frame pendently sus-- pended on said transverse shaft beneathsaid supporting frame, a car pivoted to said auxiliary frame on alongitudinal axis, a propeller shaft carrying frame pivoted on saidhorizontal transverse shaft to swing through an angle of substantially180 in a vertical y direction, means actuated from said car for swingingsaid propeller through said arc, a

pair otmain sustaining planes pivoted on said horizontal transverseshaft, one at each side of said propeller shaft carrying frame,

a propeller carried by said propeller shaft carrying frame, a powerplant in said car, transmission gearing connecting said power plant withsaid propeller to drive the same, a rudder carrying support mounted onsaid transverse supporting frame and said auxiliary frame, a lateraldirection rudder carried by said rudder carrying frame, means controlled'from said car for turning said rudder, and means controlled from saidcar for shifting said main sustaining planes si# multaneously in thesame direction to change the angle of incidence.

11. ln an aerial' navigating machine, a horizontal transverse`supporting frame, a horizontal transverse shaft' carried by said frame,an auxiliary frame pendently suspended on said transverse shaft beneathsaid supporting frame, a car pivoted to said auxiliary trame on alongitudinal axis, a propeller shaft carrying frame-pivoted on saidhorizontal transverse shaft to. swing through an angle of substantiallyin a vertical direction, means actuated "rom said car for swinging saidpropeller through said arc, a pair of main sustaining planes pivotedonsaid horizontal transverse shaft, one at eachside of said propellershaft carrying frame, a propeller carried by said propeller shaftcarrying frame, a power plant in said car, transmissiongearing'connectin, ,1z said power plant with said propeller to drive,the same, a rudder carrying support mounted on said transversesupporting frame and said auxiliary frame, a lateral direction ruddercarried by said rudder carrying frame, means controlled from said carfor turning said rudder, means controlled from said car for shifting.said main sustaining planes simultaneously in the same direction tochange the angle of incidence, and automatically actuated devicesconnected vvith and controlled by said car for shifting said mainplanesin opposite directions tofact as stabilizing mediums.

12. ln an aerial navigating machine, a horizontal transverse supportintrame, a

horizontal transverse shaft .carried by said horizontal transverse shaftto swing tlnrough cally actuate an angle of 180 in a 'verticaldirection, means actuated from said car for swinging said propellerthrough an arc, a pair of main sustaining planes pivoted on saidhorizontal transverse shaft, one at each side of said propeller shaftcarrying frame, .a pro'- peller carried by said propeller shaft carrying frame, a power plant in said car, transmission gearing connecting saidpower plant with said propeller to drive the same, a rudder carryingsupport mounted on said transverse supporting frame and said auX- iliaryframe, a lateral direction rudder carried by said rudder carrying frame,means controlled from said car for turning said rudder, manuallyopatedmeans controlled from said car for shifting said main sustain` ingplanes simultaneously in the same direction to change the angle ofincidence, and

automatically actuated devices connected with and controlled by said carfor shifting said main plane in opposite directions to act asstabilizing mediums, and manually operated devices controlled from saidcar for operatively connecting said planes with either of said planevmoving devices and simultaneously disconnecting said planes from theother plane moving device.

13. In an aerial navigating machine, a horizontal transverse sup ortinframe, a horizontal transverse sha t carrled by said frame, an auxiliaryframe pendently suspended on said transverse shaft beneath saidsupporting frame, a car pivoted to said auxiliary frame on alongitudinal axis, a propeller shaft carrying frame pivoted on saidhorizontal transverse shaft to swing through an angle of 180 in avertical direction, means actuated from said car for swinging saidpropeller through an arc, a pair of main sustaining planes pivoted onsaid horizontal transverse shaft, one at each side of said propellershaft carrying frame, a propeller carried by said propeller shaftcarrymg frame, a power plant in said car, trans-l mission gearingconnecting said power plane with said propeller to drive the same, arudder carrying spportmounted on said transverse supporting frame andsaid auxiliary frame, a directlon rudder carried by said rudder carryingframe, manually operated means controlled from said `car for turningsaid rudder, means controlled from said car for shifting said mainsustaining 'planes Asimultaneously in the same direction tov change thean le of incidence, and automatidevicesconnected with and controlled bysaid car for shifting said main planes inl opposite directions to act asstabilizing mediums, -manually operated devices controlled from said carfor operatively connecting said planes with eitherk of `saidplane'lmoving devices and simultaneously disconnecting said planes fromthe other plane moving device, auxiliary stabilizing planes pivoted onlongitudinal axes carried by said transverse supporting frame at itssides, and means connecting said auxiliary stabilizing planes with saidautomatic v plane moving devices.

Vplanes are connected, a clutch pulley shiftably mounted on each of saidsleeves to turn therewith; an automatic plane moving mechanism formoving said main planes tov act as stabilizing planes, said mechanismincluding an idler pulley on each sleeve, a pulley connected to saidauxiliary stabilizing planes, and a cable passing over said auxiliaryplane-pulleys and said idler pulleys and a pendulous member to whichsaid cable is connected; a manually actuated plane moving mechanismwhich includes a` second idler pulley on'each of said sleeves and amanually operated cable passing over each of said second idler pulleys;and means for shifting said shiftable clutch pulleys into engagementwith either of said idler pulleys to operatively connect one of saidplane moving devices with said main planes and simultaneously disconnectthe other plane moving device from said main planes, substantially asshown and described.

v15. In an aerial navigating machine 'of the heavier than air type, ahorizontal transverse supporting' frame, a car pivotally mounted on alongitudinal axis beneath said frame, a pair of main sustaining planespivotally mounted on a horizontal transverse axis carried by said frame,automatic mechanism connecting said car withV said planesfor moving saidplanes on theirvpivots si multaneously in opposite directions as saidsupporting frame tilts to vrestore the machine to equilibrium, separate'mechanism manually controlled from said car for moving said planesontheir pivots simultaneously in the same direction to change the angle'ofincidence, anda shiftingmechanism controlled from such car for bringingeither of said plane moving mechanisms into operative connection withsaid planes, `said VshiftingV mechanism including shiftable clutchmembers mounted on said main plane axis, and an actuating device linsaid car and connected with said clutch members for operating the same.

16. In an aerial navigating machine of taneonsly in opposite directionsas said supporting frame tiltsto restore the machine to equililrinm,separate mechanism controlled from` said oar for moving said planes onthen: pivots togethei` in the same direction l to change the angle ofincidence, a shifting nieehanisni controlled from said car for hm'ngingeither of said plane noni/11mg mechad sessies nisms into operativeconnection With said planes, auxiliary stabilizing planes pivotallymounted on longitudinal axes cariied at the sides of said suppotingframe, said auX- iliary planes being normally held vertical, operativeconnections between said automatic planelmoving mechanisirn and saiauxiliary planes to cause said anxiliary,

planes to act as said automatic plane moving 'mechanism moves to assistin restoring the machine to eqnilihiium.

THOMAS VlRl-lOi/LDES.

l/'Vitnessesz 4 Flinn Gr.' Din'inmon, ALBERT Din'inni;

